Bayan da yawan fitar da kayayyaki zuwa kasashen waje ya tashi zuwa matsayi na biyu a duniya a karon farko a watan Agusta, aikin fitar da kayayyaki zuwa kasashen waje na kasar Sin ya kai wani sabon matsayi a watan Satumba. Daga cikinsu, ko samarwa ne, tallace-tallace ne ko fitar da kayayyaki zuwa kasashen waje, sabbin motocin makamashi na ci gaba da ci gaba da bunkasar "sau daya a kan turba".

Masu sharhi kan harkokin masana'antu sun ce fitar da sabbin motocin makamashi ya zama babban abin da ke jan hankalin masana'antar kera motoci a ƙasarmu, kuma yawan shigar sabbin motocin makamashi a kasuwannin ƙasashen waje ya ƙaru da sauri, kuma ana sa ran wannan kyakkyawan yanayin ci gaba zai ci gaba.

Fitar da kayayyaki a cikin kwata uku na farko ya karu da kashi 55.5% a shekara-shekara

A cewar bayanan tallace-tallace na wata-wata da Ƙungiyar Masana'antun Motoci ta China (wanda daga nan ake kira Ƙungiyar Masana'antun Motoci ta China) ta fitar a ranar 11 ga Oktoba, fitar da motoci daga China ya ci gaba da samun sakamako mai kyau a watan Satumba bayan ya kai matsayi mafi girma a watan Agusta, inda ya zarce motoci 300,000 a karon farko. Karin kashi 73.9% zuwa motoci 301,000.

Kasuwannin ƙasashen waje na zama sabuwar hanya ga ci gaban tallace-tallace na kamfanonin kera motoci masu mallakar kansu. Idan aka yi la'akari da ayyukan manyan kamfanoni, daga watan Janairu zuwa Agusta, adadin fitar da kayayyaki daga SAIC Motor ya karu zuwa kashi 17.8%, Changan Motor ya karu zuwa kashi 8.8%, Great Wall Motor ya karu zuwa kashi 13.1%, kuma Geely Automobile ya karu zuwa kashi 14%.

Abin ƙarfafa gwiwa shi ne, kamfanonin da ke da 'yancin kai sun cimma babban ci gaba a fannin fitar da kayayyaki zuwa kasuwannin Turai da Amurka da kasuwannin duniya na uku, kuma dabarun fitar da kayayyaki na ƙasashen duniya a China ya ƙara yin tasiri, wanda ya nuna ci gaban da aka samu a fannin inganci da adadin motocin da ake samarwa a cikin gida.

A cewar Xu Haidong, mataimakin babban injiniya na ƙungiyar masana'antun motoci ta China, yayin da adadin fitar da kaya zuwa ƙasashen waje ya ƙaru, farashin kekuna shi ma ya ci gaba da ƙaruwa. Matsakaicin farashin sabbin motocin makamashi na China a kasuwar ƙasashen waje ya kai kimanin dala 30,000.

A cewar bayanan Ƙungiyar Bayanai kan Kasuwar Motocin Fasinja (wanda daga baya ake kira Ƙungiyar Motocin Fasinja), ci gaban da aka samu a kasuwar fitar da motocin fasinja ya fi muhimmanci. A watan Satumba, fitar da motocin fasinja (gami da cikakkun motoci da CKDs) a ƙarƙashin ƙididdigar Ƙungiyar Fasinja sun kai raka'a 250,000, ƙaruwar kashi 85% a shekara, da kuma ƙaruwar kashi 77.5% a watan Agusta. Daga cikinsu, fitar da samfuran mallakar kansu ya kai raka'a 204,000, ƙaruwar kashi 88% a shekara. Daga watan Janairu zuwa Satumba, jimillar motocin fasinja miliyan 1.59 aka fitar da su daga cikin gida, ƙaruwar kashi 60%.

A lokaci guda kuma, fitar da sabbin motocin makamashi ya zama muhimmin abin da ke haifar da fitar da motoci daga cikin gida.

Bayanai daga Ƙungiyar Motocin Kaya ta China sun nuna cewa daga watan Janairu zuwa Satumba, kamfanonin kera motoci na China sun fitar da jimillar motoci miliyan 2.117, wanda ya nuna karuwar kashi 55.5% a shekara bayan shekara. Daga cikinsu, an fitar da sabbin motocin makamashi 389,000, wanda ya karu sau 1 a shekara bayan shekara, kuma karuwar ta fi girma fiye da jimillar karuwar fitar da kayayyaki daga masana'antar kera motoci.

Bayanai daga Ƙungiyar Fasinjoji sun kuma nuna cewa a watan Satumba, sabbin motocin fasinja masu amfani da makamashi a cikin gida sun fitar da kayayyaki 44,000, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 17.6% na jimillar kayayyakin da aka fitar (gami da cikakkun motoci da CKD). SAIC, Geely, Great Wall Motor, AIWAYS, JAC, da sauransu. Sabbin samfuran makamashi na kamfanonin motoci sun yi kyau a kasuwannin ƙasashen waje.

A cewar masu bincike a fannin masana'antu, fitar da sabbin motocin makamashi daga ƙasarmu ya samar da wani tsari na "ƙarfi ɗaya da ƙarfi da yawa": Fitar da Tesla zuwa China ita ce ta farko gaba ɗaya, kuma wasu daga cikin samfuran nata suna cikin kyakkyawan yanayin fitar da kayayyaki, yayin da manyan kamfanonin fitar da sabbin motocin makamashi guda uku ke cikin manyan uku. Kasuwannin sun haɗa da Belgium, Birtaniya da Thailand.

Abubuwa da yawa ne ke haifar da ci gaban fitar da kayayyaki daga kamfanonin kera motoci

Masana'antar ta yi imanin cewa ƙarfin fitar da motoci a cikin kwata uku na farko na wannan shekarar ya samo asali ne daga taimakon abubuwa da yawa.

A halin yanzu, buƙatar kasuwar motoci ta duniya ta ƙaru, amma saboda ƙarancin guntu-guntu da sauran abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, masana'antun motoci na ƙasashen waje sun rage samarwa, wanda ya haifar da babban gibin wadata.

Meng Yue, mataimakiyar darakta a Ma'aikatar Ciniki ta Ƙasashen Waje ta Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci, ta ce a baya daga mahangar buƙatun kasuwannin duniya, kasuwar motoci ta duniya tana murmurewa a hankali. Ana hasashen cewa tallace-tallacen motoci a duniya zai kai ɗan sama da miliyan 80 a wannan shekarar da kuma miliyan 86.6 a shekara mai zuwa.

A ƙarƙashin tasirin sabuwar annobar cutar huhu ta kambi, kasuwannin ƙasashen waje sun haifar da gibin wadata saboda ƙarancin sarkar samar da kayayyaki, yayin da tsarin samar da kayayyaki na China mai ɗorewa saboda ingantaccen rigakafin annoba da kuma kula da shi ya ƙarfafa canja wurin odar kayayyaki na ƙasashen waje zuwa China. A cewar bayanai daga AFS (AutoForecast Solutions), ya zuwa ƙarshen watan Mayu na wannan shekara, saboda ƙarancin guntu, kasuwar motoci ta duniya ta rage samarwa da kimanin motoci miliyan 1.98, kuma Turai ita ce yankin da ke da mafi girman raguwar samar da motoci saboda ƙarancin guntu. Wannan kuma babban abin da ke haifar da ingantaccen tallace-tallace na motocin China a Turai.

Tun daga shekarar 2013, yayin da ƙasashe suka yanke shawarar komawa ga ci gaban kore, sabbin masana'antar kera motoci masu amfani da makamashi ta fara bunƙasa cikin sauri.

A halin yanzu, ƙasashe da yankuna kusan 130 a duniya sun gabatar da shawarwari ko kuma suna shirin gabatar da manufofi na tsaka-tsaki a fannin carbon. Ƙasashe da yawa sun fayyace jadawalin hana sayar da motocin mai. Misali, Netherlands da Norway sun gabatar da shawarar hana sayar da motocin mai a shekarar 2025. Indiya da Jamus suna shirin hana sayar da motocin mai a shekarar 2030. Faransa da Burtaniya suna shirin hana sayar da motocin mai a shekarar 2040. Sayar da motocin mai.

A ƙarƙashin matsin lamba da ƙa'idojin fitar da hayakin carbon ke yi, tallafin manufofin sabbin motocin makamashi a ƙasashe daban-daban ya ci gaba da ƙaruwa, kuma buƙatar sabbin motocin makamashi a duniya ta ci gaba da kasancewa cikin yanayin ci gaba, wanda ke ba da sarari mai faɗi ga sabbin motocin makamashi na ƙasata don shiga kasuwannin ƙasashen waje. Bayanai sun nuna cewa a cikin 2021, fitar da sabbin motocin makamashi na ƙasata zai kai raka'a 310,000, ƙaruwa kusan sau uku a shekara, wanda ya kai kashi 15.4% na jimillar fitar da motoci. A rabin farko na wannan shekara, fitar da sabbin motocin makamashi ya ci gaba da ƙaruwa, kuma yawan fitar da motoci ya ƙaru da sau 1.3 a shekara, wanda ya kai kashi 16.6% na jimillar fitar da motoci. Ci gaba da ƙaruwar fitar da sabbin motocin makamashi a kwata na uku na wannan shekara ci gaba ne na wannan yanayin.

Ci gaban da aka samu a fannin fitar da motoci daga ƙasata ya kuma amfana daga faɗaɗa "da'irar abokai" a ƙasashen waje.

Kasashe da ke kan hanyar "Belt and Road" su ne manyan kasuwannin fitar da motoci daga ƙasata, wanda ya kai sama da kashi 40%; daga watan Janairu zuwa Yulin wannan shekarar, fitar da motoci daga ƙasata zuwa ƙasashen membobin RCEP ya kai motoci 395,000, wanda ya nuna ƙaruwar kashi 48.9% a shekara bayan shekara.

A halin yanzu, ƙasata ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyoyi 19 na kasuwanci kyauta, waɗanda suka shafi ƙasashe da yankuna 26. Chile, Peru, Ostiraliya, New Zealand da sauran ƙasashe sun rage harajin kayayyaki a kan kayayyakin motoci na ƙasata, wanda hakan ya samar da yanayi mafi dacewa don ci gaban kamfanonin motoci na duniya.

A cikin tsarin sauye-sauye da haɓaka masana'antar kera motoci ta China, baya ga mai da hankali kan kasuwar cikin gida, tana kuma mai da hankali kan kasuwar duniya. A halin yanzu, jarin da masana'antun kera motoci na cikin gida ke zubawa a kasuwar sabbin motocin makamashi ya zarce na kamfanonin kera motoci na ƙasashen duniya. A lokaci guda, kamfanonin kera motoci na cikin gida suna dogara da sabbin motocin makamashi don haɓaka fasahar sadarwa mai wayo, wacce ke da fa'idodi a fannin leƙen asiri da sadarwa, kuma ta zama abin jan hankali ga masu amfani da ƙasashen waje.

A cewar masu sharhi kan harkokin masana'antu, saboda kasancewarta jagora a fannin sabbin motocin makamashi ne ya sa kamfanonin kera motoci na kasar Sin ke ci gaba da samun ci gaba a duniya, kuma layin kayayyaki ya ci gaba da inganta, kuma tasirin alamar kasuwanci ya karu a hankali.

Misali, SAIC ta kafa kamfanonin tallatawa da hidima na ƙasashen waje sama da 1,800. Kayayyakinta da ayyukanta suna rarrabawa a ƙasashe da yankuna sama da 90, inda suka kafa manyan kasuwanni 6 a Turai, Ostiraliya, New Zealand, da Amurka. Jimillar tallace-tallace a ƙasashen waje sun wuce motoci miliyan 3. Daga cikinsu, tallace-tallacen SAIC Motor a ƙasashen waje a watan Agusta sun kai raka'a 101,000, ƙaruwar kashi 65.7% a shekara-shekara, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 20% na jimillar tallace-tallace, wanda ya zama kamfani na farko a China da ya wuce raka'a 100,000 a cikin wata guda a kasuwannin ƙasashen waje. A watan Satumba, fitar da kayayyaki daga SAIC ya karu zuwa motoci 108,400.

Mai sharhi kan harkokin tsaro na kamfanin Duan Yingsheng ya yi nazari kan cewa kamfanoni masu zaman kansu sun hanzarta ci gaban kasuwanni a Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya, Turai, da Amurka ta hanyar gina masana'antu a ƙasashen waje (gami da masana'antun KD), hanyoyin tallace-tallace na ƙasashen waje, da kuma gina tashoshin jiragen ruwa masu zaman kansu. A lokaci guda, karɓuwar kasuwa ga kamfanonin da suka mallaki kansu shi ma yana inganta a hankali. A wasu kasuwannin ƙasashen waje, shaharar kamfanonin da suka mallaki kansu yana kama da na kamfanonin motoci na ƙasashen waje.

Ana sa ran kamfanonin kera motoci za su fara aiki a ƙasashen waje

Duk da cewa sun cimma nasarar fitar da kayayyaki zuwa ƙasashen waje, kamfanonin kera motoci na cikin gida har yanzu suna ci gaba da tura kasuwannin ƙasashen waje don shiryawa don nan gaba.

A ranar 13 ga Satumba, an jigilar sabbin motocin makamashi na SAIC Motor guda 10,000 MG MULAN daga Shanghai zuwa kasuwar Turai. Wannan shine mafi girman rukunin motocin lantarki na zahiri da aka fitar daga China zuwa Turai zuwa yanzu. Mutumin da ya dace da ke kula da Ma'aikatar Masana'antu da Fasahar Bayanai ya ce fitar da "motoci 10,000" da SAIC ta yi zuwa Turai alama ce ta sabon ci gaba a ci gaban masana'antar kera motoci ta ƙasata, fitar da sabbin motocin makamashi na China ya shiga wani mataki na ci gaba cikin sauri, kuma yana sa masana'antar kera motoci ta duniya ta rikide zuwa samar da wutar lantarki.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ayyukan faɗaɗa manyan motoci na Great Wall Motor a ƙasashen waje sun kasance masu yawan gaske, kuma jimillar tallace-tallacen cikakkun motoci a ƙasashen waje ya wuce miliyan 1. A watan Janairun wannan shekarar, Great Wall Motor ta sayi kamfanin General Motors na Indiya, tare da kamfanin Mercedes-Benz Brazil da aka saya a bara, da kuma kamfanonin Rasha da Thailand da aka kafa, Great Wall Motor ta cimma tsarin da aka tsara a kasuwannin Eurasia da Kudancin Amurka. A watan Agusta na wannan shekarar, Great Wall Motor da Emile Frye Group sun cimma yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa a hukumance, kuma ɓangarorin biyu za su yi bincike kan kasuwar Turai tare.

Chery, wacce ta fitar da kayayyakinta zuwa ƙasashen waje a baya, ta ga ƙaruwar fitar da kayayyaki a watan Agusta da kashi 152.7% a kowace shekara zuwa motoci 51,774. Chery ta kafa cibiyoyin bincike da cibiyoyi 6, cibiyoyin samarwa 10 da kuma wuraren tallace-tallace da sabis sama da 1,500 a ƙasashen waje, kuma ana fitar da kayayyakinta zuwa Brazil, Rasha, Ukraine, Saudiyya, Chile da sauran ƙasashe. A watan Agusta na wannan shekarar, Chery ta fara tattaunawa da masu kera motoci na Rasha don cimma burin samar da kayayyaki na gida a Rasha.

Daga ƙarshen watan Yuli zuwa farkon watan Agusta na wannan shekara, BYD ta sanar da shiga kasuwar motocin fasinja a Japan da Thailand, kuma ta fara samar da sabbin kayayyakin motocin makamashi ga kasuwannin Sweden da Jamus. A ranar 8 ga Satumba, BYD ta sanar da cewa za ta gina masana'antar kera motocin lantarki a Thailand, wacce aka shirya fara aiki a shekarar 2024, tare da samar da kimanin motoci 150,000 a kowace shekara.

Kamfanin Changan Automobile yana shirin gina sansanonin masana'antu guda biyu zuwa huɗu a ƙasashen waje a shekarar 2025. Kamfanin Changan Automobile ya ce zai kafa hedikwatar Turai da hedikwatar Arewacin Amurka nan gaba, kuma zai shiga kasuwannin motoci na Turai da Arewacin Amurka da kayayyakin motoci masu inganci da fasaha.

Wasu sabbin rundunonin kera motoci suma suna kai hari ga kasuwannin ƙasashen waje kuma suna sha'awar gwadawa.

A cewar rahotanni, a ranar 8 ga Satumba, Leap Motor ta sanar da shiga kasuwannin ƙasashen waje a hukumance. Ta cimma yarjejeniya da wani kamfanin kera motoci na Isra'ila don fitar da rukunin farko na T03s zuwa Isra'ila; Weilai ya ce a ranar 8 ga Oktoba cewa za a aiwatar da kayayyakinta, ayyukanta na tsarin da kuma tsarin kasuwanci mai ƙirƙira a Jamus, Netherlands, Sweden da Denmark; Xpeng Motors ta kuma zaɓi Turai a matsayin yankin da ta fi so don haɗakar duniya. Zai taimaka wa Xiaopeng Motors shiga kasuwar Turai cikin sauri. Bugu da ƙari, AIWAYS, LANTU, WM Motor, da sauransu suma sun shiga kasuwar Turai.

Ƙungiyar Motocin Kaya ta China ta yi hasashen cewa ana sa ran fitar da motoci daga ƙasarmu zai wuce miliyan 2.4 a wannan shekarar. Rahoton bincike na baya-bayan nan na Pacific Securities ya bayyana cewa yin ƙoƙari a ɓangaren fitar da motoci zai iya taimaka wa kamfanonin kera motoci da na'urorin sassa na cikin gida wajen hanzarta faɗaɗa sarkar masana'antu, da kuma ƙara ƙarfafa ƙarfinsu na asali dangane da sake fasalin fasaha da inganta tsarin inganci.

Duk da haka, masu sharhi kan harkokin masana'antu sun yi imanin cewa har yanzu kamfanonin kasuwanci masu zaman kansu na fuskantar wasu ƙalubale wajen "tafi ƙasashen waje". A halin yanzu, yawancin kamfanonin kasuwanci masu zaman kansu da ke shiga kasuwar da aka haɓaka har yanzu suna cikin matakin gwaji, kuma har yanzu duniya na buƙatar lokaci don tabbatarwa.